The comparative studies of Borneo plant extracts to increases vaccine efficacy in tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

Abstract

This study investigated the adjuvant effect of Boesenbergia pandurata (BP), Zingiber zerumbet (ZZ), Solanum ferox (SF) on protection of tilapia with injection Pseudomonas sp. (Pseumulvacc) vaccination. The extract concentrations of BP (600 mg/L), ZZ (200 mg/L), and SF (900 mg/L) were combined with the vaccine, ratio between vaccine and extract was 1:1. Tilapia fish were injected with vaccine mix the extract and challenged at day 7 (d7), 14 (d14), and 21 (d21) post vaccination through injection with A. hydrophila and P. fluorescens (105 CFU/ mL each bacteria). The results shown that the fish with BP+V were found in fin rot at d14 days challenge. The same symptom was found in ZZ+V at d14 challenge as much 11.11% and 42.86% while, in the vaccine groups (V), after the challenge, tilapia were found fin rot and darkness color until the last experiment. The BP+V and SF+ZZ+V groups shown reducing the number of bacteria in the fish body after challenge test on d7, d14, and d21. The efficacy of Pseumulvacc vaccine has increased after its administration with BP (BP+V) on day 7 and day 14 after challenge (90%) and 100% at the time of challenge test d21. The conclusion is B. pandurata extract was a promising adjuvant candidate, and the extract is the best plants as an adjuvant that mixed with the vaccine to against A. hydrophila and P. fluorescens infection.