ANTIPARASITIC ACTIVITY OF Solanum ferox EXTRACT AND CONCOCTION WITH Zingiber zerumbet AND Boesenbergia pandurata EXTRACTS TO CONTROL Argulus sp. ON GOLDFISH (Cyprinus carpio)

Abstract

Argulus is an ectoparasite that frequently infects goldfish, with severe effects and a high death rate. The use of plant extracts in this research were Solanum ferox extracts/SFE (400 ppm), Boesenbergia pandurata extract/BPE (900 ppm) and Zingiber zerumbet extract/ZZE (200 ppm) have been widely reported to have antiparasitic activities. This research evaluated the antiparasitic activities of compositions A (SFE and ZZE with ration 1:1), B (SFE and BPE with ratio 1:1), and C (single SFE). The research stages comprised 1) isolation and analysis of solasodine content in crude extract of SFE and in three composition A, B, and C, 2) in vitro antiparasitic activities on Argulus sp. at doses of 50 and 100 mL of each composition in 100 mL water with a testing time of 60–240 minutes, and 3) in vivo antiparasitic activities on Argulus sp. on goldfish at a dose of 100 mL each composition in 100 mL water and observation for 2–12 hours of fish treatment. The results showed that SFE crude extract had a solasodine concentration of 7.151 mg/L, whereas the solasodine in composition A (656 ppm), B (485 ppm), and C (295 ppm), respectively. The in vitro testing demonstrated that composition A was effective for killing approximately 80–100% of Argulus, whereas compositions B and C killed 80–90% and 60–70%, respectively. Viewed from the effectiveness for killing parasites, the result was excellent (above 50%). The in vivo treatment test was continued using three extract compositions at a dose of 100 ppm. Compositions A, B, and C were found to be capable of releasing 81.33, 75.67, and 71.00 arguli, respectively, per fish. We concluded that the single SFE extract and a concoction with BPE and ZZE had reasonable antiparasitic activity, whereas the concoction of SFE and ZZE killed more Argulus parasites at a higher rate.