Environmental Risk Factors of Hookworm and Strongyloides stercoralis Infections Among School Children in Rural Areas Kutai Kertanegara Regency, Indonesia

Abstract

Background: Hookworm and S. stercoralis are still challenge in public health problem especially in developing countries where have environmental risk factors that are potential for transmitting of hookworm and S. stercoralis in Kutai Kertanegara Regency, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia have high-risk factors of the prevalence of hookworm and S. stercoralis especially environmental risk factors. Methods: In this study was showed the infection rates, correlation analysis between risk factors, and prevalence of hookworm and S. stercoralis were used for statistical analysis. A cross-sectional study was performed among 107 school children participants from rural school children of Kutai Kertanegara Regency, Indonesia. This study used two diagnostic methods: Kato Katz and Koga agar plate culture/KAP culture for diagnosing hookworm and Strongyloides infections. Pearson chi-square analysis was used to the study correlation between environmental risk factors with hookworm and S stercoralis infections. Results: Hookworm and S stercoralis were found in this study; 37 (31.8) and 11 (10.3%) respectively. hookworm infection has been correlated significantly with school location (OR: 1.78 (95%CI: 0.87-3.71, p-value=0.006). While S. stercoralis infection has correlated significantly such as school location (OR: 1.28 (95%CI: 0.73-2.23, (p=0.027), Environmental risk others have not significantly correlated with hookworm infection among school children. While S stercoralis infection has correlated with environmental risk factors such as the texture of soil (OR: 5.50 (95%CI: 0.84-36.01, p-value: 0.010), wet soil surrounding houses (OR: 5.50 (0.84-36.02, p-value: 0.010). School location in surrounding rice field (OR: 5.50 (95%CI: 0.84-36.02, p-value: 0.012). Elevation in hill area (OR: 5.50 (95%CI: 0.84-36.02, p-value: 0.010). Conclusions: This study has explained the determinant of environmental risk factors and the prevalence of hookworm infection and S. stercoralis in school children. The risk factors should be used for preventing the program of the reduced prevalence of hookworm and S stercoralis infections in school children, especially in rural areas.