Environmental Risk Factors of Hookworm and Strongyloides stercoralis Infections Among School Children in Rural Areas Kutai Kertanegara Regency, Indonesia
Abstract
Background: Hookworm and S. stercoralis are still challenge in public health problem especially in developing countries
where have environmental risk factors that are potential for transmitting of hookworm and S. stercoralis in Kutai Kertanegara
Regency, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia have high-risk factors of the prevalence of hookworm and S. stercoralis especially
environmental risk factors.
Methods: In this study was showed the infection rates, correlation analysis between risk factors, and prevalence of hookworm
and S. stercoralis were used for statistical analysis. A cross-sectional study was performed among 107 school children participants
from rural school children of Kutai Kertanegara Regency, Indonesia. This study used two diagnostic methods: Kato Katz and
Koga agar plate culture/KAP culture for diagnosing hookworm and Strongyloides infections. Pearson chi-square analysis was
used to the study correlation between environmental risk factors with hookworm and S stercoralis infections.
Results: Hookworm and S stercoralis were found in this study; 37 (31.8) and 11 (10.3%) respectively. hookworm infection has
been correlated significantly with school location (OR: 1.78 (95%CI: 0.87-3.71, p-value=0.006). While S. stercoralis infection
has correlated significantly such as school location (OR: 1.28 (95%CI: 0.73-2.23, (p=0.027), Environmental risk others have
not significantly correlated with hookworm infection among school children. While S stercoralis infection has correlated with
environmental risk factors such as the texture of soil (OR: 5.50 (95%CI: 0.84-36.01, p-value: 0.010), wet soil surrounding
houses (OR: 5.50 (0.84-36.02, p-value: 0.010). School location in surrounding rice field (OR: 5.50 (95%CI: 0.84-36.02, p-value:
0.012). Elevation in hill area (OR: 5.50 (95%CI: 0.84-36.02, p-value: 0.010).
Conclusions: This study has explained the determinant of environmental risk factors and the prevalence of hookworm
infection and S. stercoralis in school children. The risk factors should be used for preventing the program of the reduced
prevalence of hookworm and S stercoralis infections in school children, especially in rural areas.
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