Qualitative determination of secondary metabolic compounds and macro nutrients some botanical pesticide plants of East Kalimantan

Abstract

Existence of natural alternative inputs for crop husbandry was considered as important resources of good agricultural practices to attend an environmentally friendly agricultural management. Pest control and soil fertility management were two main problems of agricultural development in East Kalimantan. However, there are numerous potential plants for botanical pesticide used natively in East Kalimantan, and those plants also containing sufficient macronutrients which beneficial as liquid fertilizer. This the study aims to determine various secondary metabolic compounds and macronutrients content of six botanical pesticide plants, i.e. marigold (Tagetes erecta L.), nimtree (Azadirachta indica L.), sweet flag (Acorus calamus L.), bratawali (Tinospora crispa L.), soursop (Annona muricata L.), and golden trumpet vine (Allamanda cathartica L.). Some laboratory analysis were implemented in the study, variables used to determine secondary metabolic compounds were flavonoids, steroids, alkaloid, tannins, triterpenoids, saponins. While variables used to determine macronutrients were nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Results showed that all six botanical pesticides evaluated in this study was containing potential secondary metabolic compounds (SMC), soursop leaves containing three kinds of SMC (flavonoids, steroid, and tannin), whereas golden trumpet vine leaves only containing one kind of SMC (tannin), and the other four botanical pesticides (marigold, nimtree, sweet flag, and bratawali) containing two kinds of SMC (flavonoids and tannin). Furthermore, based on macronutrients content analysis, marigold was the best candidate for liquid fertilizer source followed by nimtree, soursop, and sweet flag.