In Vivo Antimalarial Effect of Yellow Root Stem (Fibraurea tinctoria Lour) on Plasmodium berghei

Abstract

The intensity and speed of antimalarial drugs resistance highly depend on the consumption intensity of antimalarial drugs. Higher intensity on consuming antimalarial drugs accelerates the resistance to those drugs (Mustofa, 2009; WHO, 2012). Limitations of antimalarial chemotherapy indicate the importance on the discovery of new drugs which ideally aimed at medicating new target. Some approaches regarding with discoveries and development of antimalarial drugs have been carried out including optimizing therapy through existing drugs, developing the existing analogue drugs, discovering new drugs from natural sources and discovering active compound that works on new target. The most innovative approach for chemotherapy is identification on new target and identification on compound that works on the target (Roshental, 2003; Herlina et al., 2007). Indonesia has a high diversity of plants and some of those have been proven to have activity as an antimalarial (Elfita et al., 2011; Zein et al., 2013). Stem of Fibraurea tinctoria Lour is widely available in East Kalimantan where the local people call it as yellow root (Kulip, 1997; Ilona, 2003; Sangat et al., 2003). Plasmodium berghei is a unicellular protozoa that is a parasite and one of the many species of malarial parasites that infect mammals. Plasmodium berghei is an ideal model for the study of malaria parasites compared to three species of rodentia parasite in West Africa because it can be done on a large scale, the data on gene structure mapping, methods for genetically modifying parasites, and the presence of distinctive clones and lines mutants that are genetically modified (Muti'ah et al., 2010). This in vivo antimalarial activity experiment used Plasmodium berghei ANKA. Plasmodium berghei will be injected intraperitoneally into mice (Mernvanga and Veronique, 2012).