Optimization Method for the Bioethanol Production from Giant Cassava (Manihot esculenta var.Gajah) Originated from East Kalimantan

Abstract

Here is the first report of bioethanol production from giant cassava, a variety of cassava originated from East Kalimantan. Hydrolysis on freshly grated cassava with two different acids was studied separately. The experiment was conductedas a single factor experiment in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments (0.0–1.0 M of acid solution), each replicated three times. Reducing sugars, unhydrolyzed substance (fibers), and hydrolysate clarity weredetermined. The experiment was continued by studying fermentation condition using factorial experiment (2 x 4) in CRD. The first factor was yeast concentration (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 5 and 10%) and the second factor was fermentation time (2–11 days). Biomass and alcohol content in fermentate were determined. The data were analyzed by ANOVA, excluding alcohol content that was analyzed by the non-parametric statistic. Optimization using regression analysis showed that hydrolysis by H2SO4 was more effective than HCl. Hydrolysis solution of 0.58 M H2SO4 gave an optimum reducing sugar in hydrolysate (5.6%), which equivalent to a yield of 28.18%.Starter concentration affected significantly on biomass and alcohol content (p<0.001) of fermentate, while fermentation time affected significantly only on alcohol content (p<0.001). Optimum condition of cassava hydrolysate fermentation (100 mL) was using 5% yeast for 8days, which gave a yield of 14.17% bioethanol.