Determination of Antioxidant and Anti-Melanogenesis Activities of Durio kutejensis [Bombacaceae (Hassk.) Becc] (Indonesian Lai) Fruit Extract.

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the antioxidant and anti-melanogenesis activities of Durio kutejensis [Bombacaceae (Hassk.) Becc] fruit extract. Methods: The fruit flesh of D. kutejensis was extracted successively with n-hexane, ethyl acetate/EtOAc, and ethanol/EtOH at room temperature repeatedly. The extracts were concentrated in vacuo to yield their residues. Antioxidant properties were analyzed by 2,2'-azino-bis(3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) while anti-melanogensis activity was evaluated by tyrosinase enzyme activity and B16 melanoma cell assays (melanin inhibition and cytotoxicity). Results: The extract (200 µg/mL) showed melanin inhibition by inhibiting melanin formation in B16 melanoma cell by 47 % without cytotoxicity but did not inhibit tyrosinase enzyme activity. The extract (1 - 1000 µg/mL) also exhibited some level of antioxidant activity including ORAC (0.04 ± 0.00 µmol TE/mg at 950 µg/mL), ABTS (1.0 ± 0.2 % at 100.8 µg/mL), SOD (IC50, 76.00 ± 14.6 µg/mL, and DPPH (21.5 ± 0.7 % at 97.39 µg/mL extract concentration). Conclusion: The fruit extract of Durio kutejensis has antioxidant properties with a potential for treating hyperpigmentation and for use as a skin-lightening agent. Keywords: Durio kutejensis, Antioxidant, Anti-melanogenesis, B16 Melanoma cell Hyperpigmentation, Skin-lightening agent