Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Beberapa Bakteri Penyebab Diare pada Ekstrak Etanol Daun Vitex Pinnata dengan Disk Diffusion Methode

Abstract

Diarrhea is one of the major tropical illness in Indonesia, with high morbidity and mortality rate. Most of the ingredients for anti-diarrhea medicine are still imported and expensive, therefore there is a need to cultivate the ingredients from Indonesia’s own plant. Vitex pinnata is abundant in East Kalimantan and their leaves are often discarded as waste. Ethnobotanically, the leaves are used by Dayak Punam ethnic to cure stomach ache. In vitro test shows that the ethanol extract of the leaves have antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The objective of the research was to test the antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract of Vitex pinnata leaves on a few diarrhea-inducing bacteria. Method of the research was the bacteria tested were 5 standard bacteria, which were Escherichia coli, Shigella sonnei, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeroginosa and five local bacteria isolate with multiple resistance. Disk diffusion method were used with Mueller-Hinton media. 200 µl of bacteria concentration at an optical density of 0.08 at 620 nm spread evenly on Mueller-Hinton agar plate. Blank disks were spread with varying extract concentrations. Standard antibiotic disk served as the control. Agar plate werethen put into the incubator at a temperature of 370C for 24 hours. Antibacterial activity was quantified by distance (in millimetres) from one edge to another edge of the zone not infested with the colony. This zone were apparent as the area without any color change as shown through a micrometer. Result of the research showed that the ethanol extract of Vitex pinnata leaves at a consentration of 10 mg/ml showed the largest zone of inhibited bacterial growth on Salmonella typhi patient, followed by the standard Staphylococcus aureus and the smallest was on Staphylococcus aureus patient. The ethanol extract of Vitex pinnata leaves showed antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Keywords: Vitex pinnata, anti-diarrhea, antibacterial