Essential Risk Factors of Co-infection of Hookworm and Strongyloides stercoralis in East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia

Abstract

Hookworm and strongyloides stercoralis infections are still challenge in public health problem especially in developing countries where have environmental risk factors that are potential for transmitting of hookworm infection and strongyloides stercoralis infection.. In East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia have high risk environmental factors of the prevalence of hookworm infection and strongyloidiasis. In this study would show the infection rates, correlation analysis between environmental risk factors and prevalence of hookworm infection with statistical analysis. We performed a cross-sectional study among 213 participants from rural community of Muarakaman District and Marangkayu Districts, Kutai Kertanegara Regency East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. In this study used two diagnostic methods: Kato Katz and Koga agar plate culture/KAP culture for diagnosing of hookworm and Strongyloides infections. Pearson chi-square analysis was used for study correlation between environmental risk factors with hookworm infection and strongyloidiasis. Hookworm, strongyloides and Co-infection were found in this study; 94(44.1%), 35(16.4%), and 33(15.5%) respectively. Environmental risk factors such as; district, organic carbon content in soil, temperature, humidity, elevation from above of sea, number day of rainfall and volume of rainfall have correlated significant with hookworm, Strongyloides stercoralis and co-infection (p value < 0.05). The environmental risk factor above have contributed of survival larvae of hookworm and Strongyloides stercoralis in environment this research could be contributed for decreasing program of hookworm infection and strongyloidiasis especially in rural community area.