Pharmacognostic Profile of Simplicia and Ethanolic Leaves Extract from Indonesian Piper betle var. nigra
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Date
2022-09Author
Herman
Prasetya, Fajar
Salam, Supriatno
Rijai, Hifdzur Rashif
Kuncoro, Hadi
Rusli, Rolan
Rahmadani, Agung
Tamhid, Hady Anshory
Kuswandi
Harjunowibowo, Dewanto
Ahmad, Islamudin
Rijai, Laode
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Piper betle var. nigra has potency as an herbal medication. Thus it can be used as a source of medicinal
raw materials. Piper betle var. nigra simplicia and extracts must be controlled to obtain unswerving quality
and ensure their pharmacological effects by standardizing them through several specific and non-specific
parameters. Specific parameters were analyzed organoleptically in the ethanol extract, namely having a
thick consistency, brownish-green or blackish-green color, a mild peculiar odor, a bitter, cherish taste, and
a slightly spicy flavor. The microscopic simplicia powder profile is as follows: the lower epidermis with
idioblasts in oil cells contour and upper epidermis, sclerenchyma, covering hairs, and transport bundles
ladder-type thickening, and idioblasts in oil cells contour. Extract content analysis of simplicia and black
betle leaves ethanol extract showed water-soluble extract content of 2.77% and 12.45% and ethanolsoluble
extract content of 1.38% and 19.1%. Secondary metabolites in the ethanol extract are flavonoids,
polyphenols, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and steroids. The non-specific parameters of the simplicia and
extract are as follows; total ash content of 12.1% and 7.43%; acid insoluble ash content of 4.45% and
1.57%; drying shrinkage of 14.5% and 15.85%; total lead (Pb) contamination 47.5 ppm and 1.2 ppm;
and the total cadmium (Cd) contamination <0.2 ppm. The total bacterial contamination in the extract was
4.3x105 colonies/g. The total yeast contamination was 8.3x105 colonies/g and volumetric mass density
of the water-soluble extract of 0.96 g/mL and the volumetric mass density of the ethanol-soluble extract
of 1.01 g/mL.
Key words: Piper betle var. nigra, Non-specific parameters, Specific parameters, Black betle,
Standardization.
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- A - Pharmacy [154]