Phytochemicals analysis and antibacterial activity of the leaf of red meranti, Shorea leprosula (Dipterocarpaceae) Phytochemicals Analysis, Antioxidant Capacities and Antimicrobial Properties of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Stem Bark of the Garlic Tree Scorodocarpus borneensis Becc.

Abstract

The objective of this study was to examine the phytochemical components, antioxidant activity and antibacterial property of ethyl acetate extract of the stem bark of garlic tree (Scorodocarpus borneensis). The dried stem bark of S. borneensis were collected and homogenized after drying at room temperature (32 °C) for 30 d. The stem barks were extracted by macerated method using 95% ethanol and then fractionated with ethyl acetate. The dried ethyl acetate extract was subjected to phytochemical screening to determine the presence of bioactive components using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Antioxidant activity of the extract in vitro was examined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. The antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli was performed by disc diffusion assay. GCMS results revealed the presence of 14 different phytocompounds, viz, tetratriacontyl trifluoroacetate (41.61%), 2-pentanone (13.65%), oxacyclotetradecane-2,11-done (7.87%), cinnamic acid (7.53%), 10-octadecanoic acid (6.50%), 1,2-benzeno dicarboxylix acid (4.99%), octadecanoic acid (4.51%), hexadecanoic acid (4.16%), beta tumerone (3.01%), 9-octadecenoic acid (1.70%), tricosanol (1.38%), hexadecano-phenone (1.36%), 1-nonadecanol (0.93%) and n-nonadecanol (0.82%). In vitro antioxidant activity (IC50) was found at 55.524 ppm as high powerful. The results of agar diffusion method showed that the ethyl acetate extracts had an antibacterial activity of 6.687 ± 0.800 mm againts S. aureus at 10% (w/v) and 7.500 ± 0.735 mm against E. coli at 10% (w/v) as moderate category. These findings suggest that S. borneensis stem bark is a valuable sources of bioactive compounds with promising as antioxidant and antibacterial sources.